污染密度指数SDI的测试方法
污染密度指数SDI值是表征反渗透和纳滤系统进水胶体和颗粒污染程度的重要指标。测量SDI值的标准方法,其方法的基本原理是测量在30psi给水压力下用0.45μm微滤膜过滤一定量的原水所需要的时间。
测试仪器如图所示,测试步骤如下:
- 将测试装置连接到RO系统进水管路取样点上;
- 用镊子将滤膜放入正确位置,并用水湿润;平整放入“O”型密封圈;
- 排除过滤池空气,拧紧排气阀;
- 调节进水压力至30psi,打开球阀,并立即记录开始过滤500mL水样的时间,记为t0;
- 保持压力30psi继续过滤至15分钟;
- 15分钟后再次记录过滤500mL水样的时间,记为t15;
计算公式:SDI=
注意点:
- 测试时间内,温差变化不宜超过1℃
- 应使用镊子接触滤膜,避免用手接触膜片;
- 应保存测试后滤膜,备查。
SDI测试仪示意图
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温度校正系数(参考)
温度℃ |
温度校
正系数 |
温度℃ |
温度校
正系数 |
温度℃ |
温度校
正系数 |
温度℃ |
温度校
正系数 |
温度℃ |
温度校
正系数 |
10.0 |
1.711 |
14.0 |
1.475 |
18.0 |
1.276 |
22.0 |
1.109 |
26.0 |
0.971 |
10.1 |
1.705 |
14.1 |
1.469 |
18.1 |
1.272 |
22.1 |
1.105 |
26.1 |
0.968 |
10.2 |
1.698 |
14.2 |
1.464 |
18.2 |
1.267 |
22.2 |
1.101 |
26.2 |
0.965 |
10.3 |
1.692 |
14.3 |
1.459 |
18.3 |
1.262 |
22.3 |
1.097 |
26.3 |
0.962 |
10.4 |
1.686 |
14.4 |
1.453 |
18.4 |
1.258 |
22.4 |
1.093 |
26.4 |
0.959 |
10.5 |
1.679 |
14.5 |
1.448 |
18.5 |
1.254 |
22.5 |
1.090 |
26.5 |
0.957 |
10.6 |
1.673 |
14.6 |
1.443 |
18.6 |
1.249 |
22.6 |
1.086 |
26.6 |
0.954 |
10.7 |
1.667 |
14.7 |
1.437 |
18.7 |
1.245 |
22.7 |
1.082 |
26.7 |
0.951 |
10.8 |
1.660 |
14.8 |
1.432 |
18.8 |
1.240 |
22.8 |
1.078 |
26.8 |
0.948 |
10.9 |
1.654 |
14.9 |
1.427 |
18.9 |
1.236 |
22.9 |
1.075 |
26.9 |
0.945 |
11.0 |
1.648 |
15.0 |
1.422 |
19.0 |
1.232 |
23.0 |
1.071 |
27.0 |
0.943 |
11.1 |
1.642 |
15.1 |
1.417 |
19.1 |
1.227 |
23.1 |
1.067 |
27.1 |
0.940 |
11.2 |
1.636 |
15.2 |
1.411 |
19.2 |
1.223 |
23.2 |
1.064 |
27.2 |
0.937 |
11.3 |
1.630 |
15.3 |
1.406 |
19.3 |
1.219 |
23.3 |
1.060 |
27.3 |
0.934 |
11.4 |
1.624 |
15.4 |
1.401 |
19.4 |
1.214 |
23.4 |
1.056 |
27.4 |
0.932 |
11.5 |
1.618 |
15.5 |
1.396 |
19.5 |
1.210 |
23.5 |
1.053 |
27.5 |
0.929 |
11.6 |
1.611 |
15.6 |
1.391 |
19.6 |
1.206 |
23.6 |
1.049 |
27.6 |
0.926 |
11.7 |
1.605 |
15.7 |
1.386 |
19.7 |
1.201 |
23.7 |
1.045 |
27.7 |
0.924 |
11.8 |
1.600 |
15.8 |
1.381 |
19.8 |
1.197 |
23.8 |
1.042 |
27.8 |
0.921 |
11.9 |
1.594 |
15.9 |
1.376 |
19.9 |
1.193 |
23.9 |
1.038 |
27.9 |
0.918 |
12.0 |
1.588 |
16.0 |
1.371 |
20.0 |
1.189 |
24.0 |
1.035 |
28.0 |
0.915 |
12.1 |
1.582 |
16.1 |
1.366 |
20.1 |
1.185 |
24.1 |
1.031 |
28.1 |
0.913 |
12.2 |
1.576 |
16.2 |
1.361 |
20.2 |
1.180 |
24.2 |
1.028 |
28.2 |
0.910 |
12.3 |
1.570 |
16.3 |
1.356 |
20.3 |
1.176 |
24.3 |
1.024 |
28.3 |
0.908 |
12.4 |
1.564 |
16.4 |
1.351 |
20.4 |
1.172 |
24.4 |
1.021 |
28.4 |
0.905 |
12.5 |
1.558 |
16.5 |
1.347 |
20.5 |
1.168 |
24.5 |
1.017 |
28.5 |
0.902 |
12.6 |
1.553 |
16.6 |
1.342 |
20.6 |
1.164 |
24.6 |
1.014 |
28.6 |
0.900 |
12.7 |
1.547 |
16.7 |
1.337 |
20.7 |
1.160 |
24.7 |
1.010 |
28.7 |
0.897 |
12.8 |
1.541 |
16.8 |
1.332 |
20.8 |
1.156 |
24.8 |
1.007 |
28.8 |
0.894 |
12.9 |
1.536 |
16.9 |
1.327 |
20.9 |
1.152 |
24.9 |
1.003 |
29.9 |
0.892 |
13.0 |
1.530 |
17.0 |
1.323 |
21.0 |
1.148 |
25.0 |
1.000 |
29.0 |
0.889 |
13.1 |
1.524 |
17.1 |
1.318 |
21.1 |
1.144 |
25.1 |
0.997 |
29.1 |
0.887 |
13.2 |
1.519 |
17.2 |
1.313 |
21.2 |
1.140 |
25.2 |
0.994 |
29.2 |
0.884 |
13.3 |
1.513 |
17.3 |
1.308 |
21.3 |
1.136 |
25.3 |
0.991 |
29.3 |
0.882 |
13.4 |
1.508 |
17.4 |
1.304 |
21.4 |
1.132 |
25.4 |
0.988 |
29.4 |
0.879 |
13.5 |
1.502 |
17.5 |
1.299 |
21.5 |
1.128 |
25.5 |
0.985 |
29.5 |
0.877 |
13.6 |
1.496 |
17.6 |
1.294 |
21.6 |
1.124 |
25.6 |
0.982 |
29.6 |
0.874 |
13.7 |
1.491 |
17.7 |
1.290 |
21.7 |
1.120 |
25.7 |
0.979 |
29.7 |
0.871 |
13.8 |
1.486 |
17.8 |
1.285 |
21.8 |
1.116 |
25.8 |
0.977 |
29.8 |
0.869 |
13.9 |
1.480 |
17.9 |
1.281 |
21.9 |
1.112 |
25.9 |
0.974 |
29.9 |
0.866 |
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难溶盐溶度积
化合物 |
分子式 |
温度ºC |
溶度积Ksp |
−Log Ksp |
氢氧化铝 |
Al(OH)3 |
25 |
3 x 10–34 |
33.5 |
磷酸铝 |
AlPO4 |
25 |
9.84 x 10–21 |
20 |
碳酸钡 |
BaCO3 |
25 |
2.58 x 10–9 |
8.6 |
硫酸钡 |
BaSO4 |
25 |
1.1 x 10–10 |
10 |
碳酸钙 |
CaCO3 |
25 |
方解石:3.36 x 10–9 文石:6 x 10–9 |
8.5 8.2 |
氟化钙 |
CaF2 |
25 |
3.45 x 10–11 |
10.5 |
磷酸钙 |
Ca3(PO4)2 |
25 |
2.07 x 10–33 |
32.7 |
硫酸钙 |
CaSO4 |
25 |
4.93 x 10–5 |
4.3 |
氢氧化亚铁 |
Fe(OH)2 |
25 |
4.87 x 10–17 |
16.3 |
硫化亚铁 |
FeS |
25 |
8 x 10–19 |
18.1 |
氢氧化铁 |
Fe(OH)3 |
25 |
2.79 x 10–39 |
38.6 |
水合磷酸铁 |
FePO4·2H2O |
25 |
9.91 x 10–16 |
15 |
碳酸铅 |
PbCO3 |
25 |
7.4 x 10–14 |
13.1 |
氟化铅 |
PbF2 |
25 |
3.3 x 10–8 |
7.5 |
硫酸铅 |
PbSO4 |
25 |
2.53 x 10–8 |
7.6 |
氨化磷酸镁 |
MgNH4PO4 |
25 |
2.5 x 10–13 |
12.6 |
碳酸镁 |
MgCO3 |
12 25 |
2.6 x 10–5 6.82 x10–6 |
4.58 5.17 |
氟化镁 |
MgF2 |
18 25 |
7.1 x 10–9 5.16 x 10–11 |
8.15 10.3 |
氢氧化镁 |
Mg(OH)2 |
18 25 |
1.2 x 10–11 5.61 x 10–12 |
10.9 11.25 |
磷酸镁 |
Mg3(PO4)2 |
25 |
1.04 x 10–24 |
24 |
氢氧化锰 |
Mn(OH)2 |
18 25 |
4.0 x 10–14 2 x 10–13 |
13.4 12.7 |
碳酸锶 |
SrCO3 |
25 |
5.6 x 10–10 |
9.25 |
硫酸锶 |
SrSO4 |
17.4 |
3.8 x 10–7 |
6.42 |
碳酸锌 |
ZnCO3 |
25 |
1.46 x 10–10 |
9.84 |
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水中电导率因子
离子 |
系数 |
离子 |
系数 |
Ca2+ |
2.6 |
HCO3- |
0.715 |
Mg2+ |
3.82 |
Cl- |
2.14 |
Na+ |
2.13 |
CO32- |
2.82 |
K+ |
1.84 |
NO3- |
1.15 |
SO42- |
1.54 |
|
|
单位: 如水中Ca2+的含量是100mg/L,则水中Ca2+的电导率为100×2.6=260us/cm
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在25℃条件下不同pH值时水中碳酸的存在形态
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